こんにちは！
今回は「大学院生が学びなおす英語」シリーズで、英文法の中で強調についてまとめたいと思います。
強調のための語句
- do: I do want a wallet.
doでwantを強調する.
過去形の場合didを使う．→ I did pay it. - 副詞(really, very, really, all):
It was really interesting to play soccer.
これは普通にそう． - 形容詞(the very + 名詞):
Nagasaki is the very place I have always wanted to visit.
「the very + 名詞」で名詞を強調．
「まさしくその～(名詞)」
疑問と否定の強調
- 疑問詞の強調(on earth, in the world):
What on earth happened?
How in the world did you do it?
on earth， in the worldはどっちも「一体全体」
*疑問文の強調
Did the medicine work at all?
at allで「そもそも、いったい」 - 否定表現の強調(at all, in the least, whatever):
I didn’t enjoy reading research paper at all.
at all「少しも、全然」
She is not in the least interested in videogames.
in the least「まったく」 - and 使うやつ:
He practiced shooting to upper right of the goal again and again.
again and again: 「何度も」
over and over: 「重ね重ね」
Summer in Japan is hotter and hotter.
比較級 and 比較級: 「ますます～」
I read and read his research paper.
動詞 and 動詞でも強調表現になる
強調構文
It was [強調したい語句] that [原文 – 強調したい語句]
原文: Takeshi accepted the exam yesterday.
Takeshiを強調:
It was Takeshi who accepted the exam yesterday.
the examを強調:
It was the exam that Takeshi accepted yesterday.
yesterdayを強調:
It was yesterday that Takeshi accepted the exam.
*強調構文は疑問文&否定文にできる．
*thatは省略されることもある(口語)
*人称代名詞(I, you, he, she等)が強調される場合:
主格か目的格どちらでも可
*not ~ until…の強調:
not untilまとめてisとthatの間に入れる
I didn’t know the gender of My brother’s child until the afternoon.
→ It was not until the afternoon that I know the gender of My brother’s child.
強調構文の応用
- 節を強調
It was because I returned home that I missed the meeting. - 疑問詞を強調
Who was it that knock the door when I was entering the bathroom?
thatの前までを「疑問詞 + is[was] it」とする．
関係詞を使った強調
- whatを使う:
What is expected of Otani is to hit a homerun. - Allを使う:
All I have to do is call the student assistant center.
All 主語 have to do is ~「～さえすればよい」
